Energy saving device for a standard fluorescent lamp system

ABSTRACT

There is provided in combination with a rapid-start series-sequence type ballast for two low-pressure mercury discharge lamps, apparatus for reducing the power consumption of both lamps. The apparatus utilizes switch means in conjunction with a capacitor to limit the current supply to the lamps after the lamps are energized. The switch means has two members in series circuit arrangement with one of the electrodes of one of the lamps. Each member is connected on opposite sides of the electrode. The capacitor is connected in parallel circuit arrangement with one of the members. Initially upon energization the switch means has a low impedance state to permit current flow and then switches to a high impedance state. The switch means permits preheating of the electrode and thereafter upon response to current flow switches and causes the lamp current to pass through the capacitor and thereby decrease by a predetermined amount the current through the normally operating lamps. The switch means may comprise switch members having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to an energy saving device for a two-lamprapid-start series-sequence fluorescent lamp system.

In recent years there have been a number of devices disclosed forreducing the power consumed by existing fluorescent lamp systems. InU.S. Pat. No. 3,954,316, dated May 4, 1976, issued to J. F. Leuchetta,is described an attachment for inclusion in a two-lamp rapid-start typefluorescent lamp. It comprises an isolation transformer and a capacitorto reduce the electrical power consumption of the lamp. The capacitor isplaced in series with the existing power factor correcting capacitor inthe standard ballast and thereby reduces current after energization. Theisolation transformer provides heater current for one of the electrodesof one of the lamps and also functions to improve the power factor.

In U.S. Pat. No. 3,956,665, dated May 11, 1976, issued to J. A.Westphal, is disclosed an energy saving device for replacing afluorescent lamp in a two-lamp serially connected fluorescent fixture.Frequently, in order to save energy, every other set of two fluorescentlamps are disconnected with their ballasts remaining in the circuit. Theunloaded ballasts have an undesirable inductive power factor. TheWestphal device permits the use of one of the two lamps by placing acapacitor in series with the lamp, thereby providing somewhat improvedlight distribution and power factor.

The present invention is an improvement over the prior art in that it isrelatively inexpensive, readily adaptable to existing fluorescent lampsystems, and provides good light distribution and power factor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present power reducing means operates in combination with arapid-start type ballast for two low-pressure mercury-dischargefluorescent lamps, which ballast includes an autotransformer adapted tobe connected across an AC energizing source. The lamps are connected inseries circuit relationship with ballasting capacitor means with theseries combination connected across the primary and secondary of theautotransformer. The lamps each have two contacts at each end thereofconnecting to two electrodes operatively positioned proximate the endsof the lamps. Additional heater windings are provided in transformerrelationship with the primary of the autotransformer and connect to eachof the contacts of the lamps to preheat the lamp electrodes uponenergization of the ballast. A starting capacitor is connected inparallel with one of the lamps to facilitate series-sequence starting ofthe lamps. The foregoing construction is generally conventional.

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a powerreducing means included in series relationship with the two contacts atone end of the lamps. The power reducing means comprises a switch meanswhich initially upon energization has a low impedance state to permitcurrent flow and then switches to a high impedance state. The switchmeans comprises a first switch member in series with one of the contactsat one end of the one lamp. A second switch member is connected inseries circuit arrangement with the other of the contacts at the one endof the one lamp. A current limiting capacitor means of predeterminedcapacitance is connected in parallel circuit arrangement across one ofsaid switch members. When the circuit is initially energized, the switchmeans permits preheating of the lamp electrodes connecting to thecontacts at the one end of the one lamp. After the lamp electrode ispreheated and upon response to current flow, the switch means switchesand causes the lamp current to pass through the current limitingcapacitor means and decrease by a predetermined amount the currentthrough the normally operating lamps.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be had to thepreferred embodiments, exemplary of the invention, shown in theaccompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram, showing a rapid-start series-sequencefluorescent lamp ballast with two fluorescent lamps incorporating thepower reducing means, in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view shown schematically, showing the powerreducing means in an adaptor-container;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view, partly broken away, shownschematically, showing a low-pressure mercury-discharge lamp containingas an integral part thereof the power reducing means of the presentinvention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is shown a rapid-start type ballast 10 for two low-pressuremercury-discharge fluorescent lamps 12, 12a. An autotransformer 14 isadapted to be connected across the AC energizing source terminals 16,16a. The lamps 12, 12a are connected in series circuit relationship witha ballasting capacitor means 18. The series combination is connectedacross the primary 20 and secondary 22 of the autotransformer 14. Thelamps 12, 12a each have two contacts 24, 24a at each end thereofconnecting two electrodes 26, 26a, operatively positioned proximate theends of the lamps 12, 12a. Additional heater windings 28, 29, 30, intransformer relationship with the primary 20 of the autotransformer 14connect to each of the lamp contacts 24, 24a to preheat the lampelectrodes 26, 26a upon energization of the ballast 10. Startingcapacitor 32 is connected in parallel with one of the lamps 12 tofacilitate the series-sequence starting of the lamps. The circuit asdescribed hereinbefore is generally conventional.

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a powerreducing means 34 included in series relationship with the two contacts24, 24a at one end of one of the lamps 12. The power reducing means 34comprises a switch means 36 which initially upon energization has a lowimpedance state to permit current flow and then switches to a highimpedance state. Switch means 36 comprises a first switch member 38 inseries with one of the contacts 24 of one end of the one lamp 12. Thesecond switch member 38a is connected in series with the other of thecontacts 24a at the one end of the one lamp 12. A current limitingcapacitor means 40 of predetermined capacitance is connected in parallelcircuit arrangement across one of the switch members 38. When thecircuit is initially energized, the switch means 36 permits preheatingof the lamp electrode 26 connecting to the contacts 24, 24a at the oneend of the one lamp 12. Thereafter, upon response to current flow, theswitch means 36 switches and causes the lamp current to pass through thecurrent limiting capacitor means 40 and decrease by a predeterminedamount the current through the normally operating lamps 12, 12a.

Switch means 36 preferably comprises switch members 38, 38a having apositive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance. When thelamps are initially energized these PTC resistor switch members have alow resistance and the current limiting capacitor means is effectivelyout of the circuit. After a predetermined time the switch members have amarkedly increased resistance because of resistance heating and thecurrent limiting capacitor means 40 is effectively in the circuit. Theswitch members may alternatively be composed of bimetal switches orsolenoid actuated type switches. Table I, below, gives typical valuesfor use in the power reducing means shown in FIG. 1.

                  TABLE I                                                         ______________________________________                                        Reference                                                                     Identification                                                                ______________________________________                                        38, 38a      PTC resistor ≈ 15 Ω < 25° C.                             ≈20,000 Ω ≧ 60° C.                   40           Capacitor, 5μF ± 10%, 200 VDC                              ______________________________________                                    

In another embodiment, in FIG. 2 is shown an adaptor-container 42 madeof an insulating material such as a molded phenolic resin, forconnection to one fluorescent lamp 44 of a two fluorescent lamprapid-start series-sequence installation. The one fluorescent lamp 44has electrodes 46, 46a operatively positioned proximate the endsthereof. Each of the electrodes 46, 46a is connected at its ends to twopin contacts 48, 48a positioned at each end of the one lamp 44.Adaptor-container 42 comprises an outer protective jacket 50 having endmembers 52, 52a disposed at either end thereof. One of the end members52a has two receptacle contacts 54, 54a operatively positioned so as toreceive the two pin contacts 48, 48a disposed at one end of the onefluorescent lamp 44. The other of the end members 52 has two pin members56, 56a operatively positioned and readily adaptable to fit into astandard rapid fluorescent lamp fixture. A power reducing means 34included within the adaptor-container 42 comprises switch means 36 whichinitially upon energization has a low impedance state to permit currentflow and then switches to a high impedance state. The switch meanscomprises a first switch member 38 connected in circuit between one ofthe receptable contacts 54 and one of the pin members 56. The secondswitch member 38a is connected in circuit between the other of thereceptacle contacts 54a and the other of the pin members 56a. A currentlimiting capacitance means 40 is connected in parallel circuitarrangement across one of the switch members 38, 38a. When the lamp 44initially is energized, the switch means 36 permits preheating of theone electrode 46. Thereafter, upon response to current flow, the switchmeans 36 switches and causes the lamp current to pass through currentlimiting capacitor means 40, and decrease by a predetermined amount thecurrent through the normally operating lamp. In the usual case, the lamp44 will be shortened to accommodate the power reducing device 42 in thestandard fixture.

In another embodiment, there is shown in FIG. 3 a fluorescent lamp 58 ofthe rapid-start type comprising an elongated envelope 60 having basemembers 62, 62a integrally connected at opposite ends of the lamp 58 andenclosing a gas-discharge sustaining filling 64. A phosphor coating 66is carried on the interior surface of the envelope 60. The base members62, 62a each have two electrical contacts 68, 68a attached thereto, andin circuit with electrodes 70, 70a operatively positioned proximate theends of the lamp 58. The lamp as described is generally conventional.

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a powerreducing means 34 included within one of the base members 62. Powerreducing means 34 comprises switch means 36 which initially uponenergization has a low impedance state to permit current flow and thenswitches to a high impedance state. The switch means 36 comprises afirst switch member 38 in series with one of the contacts in the onebase member 62 and one end 72 of one of the electrodes 70. Second switchmember 38a is in circuit with the other of the contacts 68a and theother end 72a of the one electrode 70. A current limiting capacitormeans 40 is connected in parallel circuit arrangement across one of theswitch members 38, 38a. When the lamp 58 initially is energized theswitch means 36 permits preheating of the one electrode 70. Thereafter,upon response to current flow, the switch means 36 switches and causesthe lamp current to pass through the current limiting capacitor means 40and decrease by a predetermined amount the current through the normallyoperating lamp.

We claim:
 1. In combination with a rapid-start type ballast for twolow-pressure mercury-discharge fluorescent lamps comprising anautotransformer adapted to be connected across an AC energizing source,said lamps connected in series circuit relationship with ballastingcapacitor means with the series combination connected across the primaryand the secondary of said autotransformer, said lamps each having twocontacts at each end thereof connecting to electrodes operativelypositioned proximate the ends of said lamps, additional heater windingsin transformer relationship with the primary of said autotransformer andconnecting to each of said lamp contacts to preheat said lamp electrodesupon energization of said ballast, and a starting capacitor connected inparallel with one of said lamps to facilitate series-sequence startingof said lamps, the improvement which comprises:a power reducing meansincluded in series relationship with the two contacts at one end of saidlamps, said power reducing means comprising switch means which initiallyupon energization has a low impedance state to permit current flow andthen switches to a high impedance state, said switch means comprising afirst switch member in series with one of said contacts at said one endof said one lamp, a second switch member connected in series with theother of said contacts at said one end of said one lamp, and a currentlimiting capacitor means of predetermined capacitance connected inparallel circuit arrangement across one of said switch members, wherebywhen the circuit is initially energized, said switch means permitspreheating of said lamp electrode connecting to said contacts at saidone end of said one lamp, and thereafter upon response to current flowsaid switch means switches and causes the lamp current to pass throughsaid current limiting capacitor means and decrease by a predeterminedamount the current through said normally operating lamps.
 2. The lampsof claim 1, wherein said switch means comprises switch members having apositive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
 3. Anadaptor-container device for connection to one fluorescent lamp of a twofluorescent lamp rapid-start series-sequence installation, wherein saidone fluorescent lamp has electrodes operatively positioned proximate theends thereof, each of said electrodes connected at its ends to two pincontacts positioned at each end of said one lamp, said adaptor-containercomprising an outer protective jacket having end members disposed ateither end thereof, one of said end members having two receptaclecontacts operatively positioned so as to receive said two lamp pincontacts, the other of said end members having two pin membersoperatively positioned and readily adaptable to fit into a standardrapid-start fluorescent lamp fixture, a power reducing means includedwithin said adaptor-container comprising switch means which initiallyupon energization has a low impedance state to permit current flow andthen switches to a high impedance state, said switch means comprising afirst switch member connected in circuit between one of said receptaclecontacts and one of said pin members, a second switch member in circuitbetween the other of said receptacle contacts and the other of said pinmembers, a current limiting capacitor means of predetermined capacitanceconnected in parallel circuit arrangement across one of said switchmembers, said switch means in said low impedance state permittingpreheating of said lamp electrode connecting to said two pin contactsdisposed at one end of said one fluorescent lamp, and thereafter uponresponse to current flow said switch means switching to said highimpedance state to cause the lamp current to pass through said currentlimiting capacitor means and decrease by a predetermined amount thecurrent through said normally operating lamp.
 4. The adaptor-containerof claim 3, wherein said switch means comprises switch members having apositive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
 5. Incombination with a fluorescent lamp of the rapid-start type comprisingan elongated envelope having base members integrally connected atopposite ends of said lamp and enclosing a gas-discharge sustainingfilling, and a phosphor coating carried on the interior surface of saidenvelope, said base members each having two electrical contacts attachedthereto and in circuit with electrodes operatively positioned proximatethe ends of said lamp, the improvement which comprises:a power reducingmeans included within one of said base members, said power reducingmeans comprising switch means which initially upon energization have alow impedance state to permit current flow and then switches to a highimpedance state, said switch means comprising a first switch member inseries with one of said contacts in said one base member and one end ofone of said electrodes, a second switch member in circuit with the otherof said contacts in the other end of said one electrode, a currentlimiting capacitor means connected in parallel circuit arrangementacross one of said switch members, whereby when the lamp is initiallyenergized the switch means permit preheating of the said one electrode,and thereafter upon response to current flow said switch means switchesto said high impedance state to cause the lamp current to pass throughsaid current limiting capacitor and decrease by a predetermined amountthe current through said normally operating lamp.
 6. The lamp of claim5, wherein said switch means comprises switch members having a positivetemperature coefficient of electrical resistance. .Iadd.
 7. Anadapter-container device for connection to one fluorescent lamp of astandard two fluorescent lamp rapid-start series-sequence fixture,wherein said one fluorescent lamp has electrodes operatively positionedtherein proximate the ends thereof, each of said electrodes connected atits ends to two pin contacts positioned at each end of said one lamp,said adapter-container comprising an outer protective jacket having endmembers disposed at either end thereof, one of said end members havingtwo receptacle contacts operatively positioned so as to receive said twopin contacts at one end of said one lamp, the other of said end membershaving two pin members operatively positioned and readily adaptable tofit into said standard rapid-start fluorescent lamp fixture, a powerreducing means included within said adapter-container device andcomprising electrode preheat means operable upon application ofenergizing potential to said fixture to pass electrode heating currentto the pin members of said one lamp which are received by said one endmember of said adapter-container device in order to preheat the saidlamp electrode which connects to said adapter-container-received pinmembers, an impedance means of predetermined value enclosed within saidadapter-container device, and upon energization of said lamp, saidimpedance means being included in series circuit with said one lamp todecrease by a predetermined amount the operating current through saidone lamp. .Iaddend. .Iadd.8. The device as specified in claim 7, whereinsaid one lamp is shortened an amount sufficient that said one lamp andsaid adapter-container device as connected thereto will be accommodatedby the standard fluorescent fixture. .Iaddend. .Iadd.9. In combinationwith a fluorescent lamp of the rapid-start type comprising an elongatedenvelope having base members integrally connected at opposite ends ofsaid lamp and enclosing a gas-discharge sustaining filling, and aphosphor coating carried on the interior surface of said envelope, saidbase members each having two electrical contacts attached thereto and incircuit with electrodes operatively positioned proximate the ends ofsaid lamp, the improvement which comprises:a power reducing meansincluded within one of said base members at one end of said lamp, saidpower reducing means comprising electrode preheat means operable uponapplication of energizing potential to said lamp to pass electrodeheating current to said two attached electrical contacts in circuit withone of said electrodes at said one end of said lamp in order to preheatthe said one electrode, an impedance means of predetermined valueincluded within said one base member, and upon energization of saidlamp, said impedance means being included in series circuit with saidlamp to decrease by a predetermined amount the operating current throughsaid lamp. .Iaddend.